Some modern-day feminists argue that sex work is inherently misogynistic and exploitative, supporting complete or partial criminalisation of sex workers. Laws that criminalise sex work restrict the freedom of sex workers - a direct attack on their right to personal autonomy and privacy.
Criminalisation exposes sex workers to abuse and exploitation by law enforcement. Police officers may harass, demand bribes from, physically or verbally abuse and even rape sex workers, thus pushing them to unsafe locations to avoid police harassment.
Sex workers also become easy targets for attackers as they are highly stigmatised and unlikely to receive help from the police. Banning sex work also prevents sex workers from organising to advocate for their rights.
Each country has a different stance on this topic. Some use the "Nordic model", introduced in Sweden. The model makes buying sex illegal but does not prosecute sex workers. At first glance, this may seem like a decent model, but it stigmatises and marginalises sex work and leaves workers vulnerable to police harassment. The result is that customers continue to pay for sex in a criminal setting thus risking both parties.
Some countries have a method called "legalisation" which allows licensed businesses at specific locations. This is better, but goes against the right to privacy of consenting adults.
Decriminalisation allows for maximum legal protection. This allows for the exercise of sex worker's rights to justice, healthcare and other social services. It maximises protection, dignity and equality - a necessity to destigmatise sex work.
Laws must clearly distinguish consensual sex work from human trafficking and sexual abuse. Governments should ensure there is no discrimination of sex workers both in law and in practice. Since sex workers may come from backgrounds of poverty or marginalisation, there is a need to improve access to education, financial support and social services.
Written by Anushree Appandairajan
Artwork by Zara Masood
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